We investigated whether human subjects’ability to identify the direction of a brief pulse of coherent motion in a random-dotpattern (RDP) was influenced by: (a) maintaining in working memory the direction of motion of an RDP previously presentedfar from the pulse (feature-based working memory or FBWM,Experiment 1), (b) attending to the direction of an RDPco-occurring with but far from the pulse (feature-based attention or FBA,Experiment 2), and (c) both FBWM and FBA actingsimultaneously (Experiment 3). In thefirst two experiments, pulse direction identification performance was higher when theremembered direction (FBWM) or the direction of the concurrently attended RDP (FBA) matched the pulse direction thanwhen it was opposite. InExperiment 3, performance was highest when both the remembered and the attended directionsmatched the pulse direction (combined effects of FBWM and FBA), it was intermediate when only one of them matched thepulse direction, and it was lowest when neither matched the pulse direction. Our results demonstrate that both feature-based working memory and feature-based attention can individually modulate the perception of motion direction and thatwhen acting together they produce an even larger modulation.